See dumb in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dumb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dumb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dumb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dumb",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *dumb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "dumb",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumb"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dumbnes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints\nFif and twentiġ manna myslīċe ġeuntrume cōmon tō þām hālgan heora hǣle biddende; sum wǣron blinde, sume wǣron healte, sume ēac dēafe, and dumbe ēac sum and hī ealle wurdon ānes dæġes ġehǣlede þurh þæs hālgan þingunge and him hām ġewendon.",
"translation": "Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, Grammar and Glossary\nĐonne beoð gyt of þam samod swegendum sume semivocales, þæt synd healfclypjende, sume syndon mutę, þæt synd dumbe.\nAnd still, there are from the consonants some semivocales (those are semi-vowels), and some mutę (those are mutes).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute, dumb (unable to speak)"
],
"id": "en-dumb-ang-adj-Jkmye4PB",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When he drove out the demon, the mute person spoke.",
"roman": "Þā hē ūt ādrāf þā dēofolsēocnesse, þā spræc se dumba.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 11:14",
"translation": "When he drove out the demon, the mute person spoke.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mute"
],
"id": "en-dumb-ang-adj-JHekL6nM",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(substantive) a mute"
],
"tags": [
"substantive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dumb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umb"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/umb",
"Rhymes:Old English/umb/1 syllable"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dumb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dumb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dumb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dumb",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *dumb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "dumb",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumb"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "dumbnes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints\nFif and twentiġ manna myslīċe ġeuntrume cōmon tō þām hālgan heora hǣle biddende; sum wǣron blinde, sume wǣron healte, sume ēac dēafe, and dumbe ēac sum and hī ealle wurdon ānes dæġes ġehǣlede þurh þæs hālgan þingunge and him hām ġewendon.",
"translation": "Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, Grammar and Glossary\nĐonne beoð gyt of þam samod swegendum sume semivocales, þæt synd healfclypjende, sume syndon mutę, þæt synd dumbe.\nAnd still, there are from the consonants some semivocales (those are semi-vowels), and some mutę (those are mutes).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute, dumb (unable to speak)"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When he drove out the demon, the mute person spoke.",
"roman": "Þā hē ūt ādrāf þā dēofolsēocnesse, þā spræc se dumba.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 11:14",
"translation": "When he drove out the demon, the mute person spoke.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mute"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(substantive) a mute"
],
"tags": [
"substantive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dumb/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umb"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dumb meaning in Old English (9.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.